Phishing - The use of e-mails that appear to originate from a trusted source to trick a user into valid credentials at a fake website. Typically the e-mail and the web site looks like they are part of a bank the user is doing business with.
Virus - A hidden, self-replicating section of computer software, usually malicious logic, that propagates by infecting - i.e., inserting a copy of itself into and becoming part of - another program. A virus cannot run by itself; it requires that its host program be run to make the virus active.
Malware - A generic term for a number of different types of malicious code.
Backdoor - A backdoor is a tool installed after a compromise to give an attacker easier access to the compromised system around any security mechanisms that are in place.
Cookie - Data exchanged between an HTTP server and browser (a client of the server) to store state information on the client side and retrieve it later fro server use. An HTTP server, when sending data to a client, may send along a cookie, which the client retains after the HTTP connection closes. A server can use this mechanism to maintain persistent client-side state information for HTTP-based applications, retrieving the state information in later connections.
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